/ 
Изучение сект в советском религиоведении: терминология и подходы
Аннотация
The main theme of the article is sect studies in USSR. Soviet tradition in the fi eld did not appear from the thin air but was a «dialectic» — in the sense that simultaneously and legitimately can be estimated as continuation and rejection — sequel of pre-Soviet sect-study approach. Soviet tradition per se is based on ambiguous — according to Lenin’s position — understanding of sectarianism as an example of class combat (positive dimension) but religiously specific (negative dimension). This negative attitude was expressed in specific ideological and political position towards sectarianism. Stating this position was a priority and that is why the establishing of proper Soviet scientifi c approach was problematic. It began to form only in the 1960-s. The term «sect» for both pre-Soviet and Soviet researches had negative connotation in dogmatic way for the former and in ideological way for the latter. Such a long history of negative understanding of the term makes it very hard to understand it as a neutral in contemporary Russia.
Ключевые слова
В. Д. Бонч-Бруевич, Л. Н. Митрохин, А. И. Клибанов, полевые исследования сектантства, секта, новое религиозное движение, культ, нетрадиционная религия, изучение сектантства в СССР.
Список литературы
1. Ajvazov I. G. 1904. Chto takoe sekta (What is Sect). Missionerskoe obozrenie, May.
2. Aleksandrov A. Propovedniki t'my i mrakobesija (Preacher of the Darkness and Obscurantism). Kishinev, 1958.
3. Aleksandrovich I. A., Kandaurov G. E., Nemirovskij A. M. 1961. Sektantstvo v Voronezhskoj
oblasti i rabota po ego preodoleniju (Sectarianism in Voronezh Region and Breaking Work with it). Ezhegodnik Muzeja istorii religii i ateizma, vol. 5.
4. Aptekman D. M. 1963. Reakcionnaja sushhnost' sekty trezvennikov (Reactionary Nature of the Sect of Nondrinkers) Nauchnye Trudy Lesotehnicheskoj akademii, vol. 101.
5. Barker A. Novye religioznye dvizhenija (New Religious Movements), Saint-Petersbourg, 1997.
6. Bonch-Bruevich V. D. Krivoe zerkalo sektantstva (Po povodu I Vserossijskogo s’ezda sektantskih sel'skohozjajstvennyh i proizvoditel'nyh ob’edinenij) (Distorting Mirror (On I All-Russian Conference of Sectarian Agricultural and Industrial Associations)), Moscow, 1922.
7. Bonch-Bruevich V. D. Izbrannye ateisticheskie proizvedenija (Selected Atheistic Works), Moscow, 1973.
9. Butkevich T. I. Obozrenie russkih sekt i ih tolkov (Overview of Russians Sects and their Trends), Kharkov, 1910.
10. Vajnshtejn S. 1932. Sektantskoe dvizhenie v gorode Vladivostoke (Sectarian Movement in Vladivostok). Antireligioznik, vol. 2.
11. Varsonofij (Luzin), ep. Problema sektovedenija kak nauki (The Problem of Sect Studies as a Science). Kazan, 1914.
12. Veber M. Izbrannye proizvedenija (Selected Works), Moscow, 1990.
13. Volkov N. Sekta skopcov (Sect of skopets), Leningrad, 1930.
14. Vostokov E. 1931. Baptizm Ivanovskoj oblasti (Baptism in Ivanovo Region). Antireligioznik, vol. 10.
15. Galaktionov M. Klassovyj vrag pod sektantskoj lichinoj (Class Enemy under Sectarian Mask). Moscow, 1930.
16. Golovkin A. I. Rjasniki i sektanty Ivanovskoj oblasti (Riasniks and Sectarians of Ivanovo Region), Ivanovo, 1930.
17. Gorskij E. Izuvery (Fanatics), Moscow, 1930.
18. Gracianskij D. 1904. Chto takoe sekta voobshhe i «racionalisticheskaja» i «misticheskaja» v chastnosti? (What is Sect in common and what is “Racionalistic Sect” and “Mystical Sect” in particular) Missionerskoe obozrenie, May.
19. Dolotov A. Cerkov' i sektantstvo v Sibiri (The Church and Sectarianism in Siberia). Novosibirsk, 1930.
20. Dorodnicyn A. Osnovnye formy sektantskih zabluzhdenij (Basic Forms of Sectarians Wrong Beliefs) // Missionerskoe obozrenie. 1902. Fevral'.
21. Druzhinin V. Duhobory (Dukhobors). Leningrad, 1930.
22. Druzhinin V. Molokane (Molokans). Leningrad, 1930.
23. Kandidov B. Sektantstvo i mirovaja vojna (Sectarianism and World War). Moscow, 1930.
24. Kanterov I. Ja. Novoe religioznoe dvizhenie v Rossii i SShA: sravnitel'nyj analiz (New Religious Movement in Russia and USA: Comparative Analysis). Religiovedenie, 2001, vol. 1, pp. 61–72.
25. Karmannyj slovar' ateista (Pocket Dictionnary of Atheist). Moscow, 1975.
26. Kasatskij M. Volki v ovech'ej shkure, ili Klassovoe lico sektanta (Wolfes in Sheep's Clothing or Class Face of Sektant). Izhevsk, 1929.
27. Klibanov A. I. Istorija religioznogo sektantstva v Rossii (60-e gody XIX v. — 1917 g.) (The History of Religious Sectarianism in Russia (60-s of XIX — 1917 years)). Moscow, 1965.
28. Klibanov A. I. Klassovoe lico sovremennogo sektantstva (Class Face of Modern Sectarianism). Moscow, 1928.
29. Klibanov A. I. Mennonity (Mennonites). Moscow, 1931.
30. Klibanov A. I. Kritika religioznogo sektantstva (Opyt izuchenija religioznogo sektantstva v 20-h — nachale 30-h godov) (The Critics of Religious Sectarianism (Experience of Research the Religious Sectarianism in 20-s – Beginnig of 30-s)). Moscow, 1974.
31. Klibanov A. I. Problemy izuchenija i kritiki religioznogo sektantstva (Problems of the Research and Critics oft he Religious Sectarianism). Moscow, 1971.
32. Klibanov A. I. Religioznoe sektantstvo v proshlom i nastojashhem (Religious Sectarianism in the Past and Future). Moscow, 1973.
33. Klibanov A. I. Religioznoe sektantstvo i sovremennost' (Religious Sectarianism and the Present). Moscow, 1969.
34. Klibanov A. I. Sovremennoe sektantstvo v Lipeckoj oblasti (Modern Sectarianism in Lipetsk Region). Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma, 1962, vol. 10.
35. Klimovich L. Sektantstvo v Tatarskoj respublike (Sectarianism in Tatarstan). Antireligioznik, 1928, vol. 5.
36. Koz'mina A. Ponjatie sektantstva v SSSR (Conception of the Sectarianism in USSR). Antireligioznik, 1939, vol. 7.
37. Kolkunova K. A. Ateisticheskaja propaganda v hudozhestvennoj literature 1950–1960-h gg. (Atheistic Propaganda in Literature of 1950–1960-s). Vestnik PSTGU. Serija: Bogoslovie. Filosofija, 2013, vol. 5 (49), pp. 113–132.
38. Komm A. A. Mrakobesy bez maski (Obscurants without Mask). Majkop, 1960.
39. Koreckij V. I. Ocherk istorii religioznogo sektantstva na Tambovshhine (vtoraja polovina XVIII — nachalo XX v.) (Essay of the History of the Religious Sectarianism in Tambov Region (Second Half of XVIII – Beginning of XX cent.)). Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma, 1961, vol. 9.
41. Krasikov P. A. Urcimovich. Posobie dlja studentov Saratovskogo gosudarstvennogo Universiteta (Ourkimovich. Manual for the Students of Saratov State University). Revoljucija i cerkov' (Saratov), 1922, vol. 1–3.
42. Kratkij nauchno-ateisticheskij slovar' (Short Scientific Atheistic Dictionnary). Moscow, 1969.
43. Krjanev Ju. V. Tipologija religioznyh ob’edinenij i differenciacija ateisticheskogo vospitanija (Typology of the Religious Unities and Differentiation of the Atheistic Education). Voprosy nauchnogo ateizma, 1967, vol. 3, pp. 40–63.
44. Lenin V. I. Polnoe sobranie sochinenij (Collected Works). Moscow, 1967.
45. Lukachevskij A. T. Sektantstvo prezhde i teper': lekcija, chitannaja chlenam moskovskogo Obshhestva bezbozhnikov i uchastnikam antireligioznogo seminara pri M. K. 26 aprelja 1925 g. (Sectarianism in Past and Present). Moscow, 1925.
46. Ljalina G. S. Materialy po istorii sektantstva na Tambovshhine v XIX — nachale XX veka (Materials for History of Sectarianism in Tambov Region in XIX – Beginning of XX Cent.). Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma, 1961, vol. 9.
47. Matorin N. M. Religija i bor'ba s nej v Severnom krae (Religion and Fight with It in Sever Region). Leningrad, 1930.
48. Matorin N. M. K voprosu ob ideologii skopchestva (On Ideology of Skopchestvo). Antireligioznik, 1930, vol. 6.
49. Mitrohin L. N. O metodologii issledovanij sovremennoj religioznosti (On Methodology of the Studies of the Contemporary Religiosity). Konkretnye issledovanija sovremennyh religioznyh verovanij, Moscow, 1967.
50. Mitrohin L. N. Social'no-psihologicheskaja priroda «religij novogo veka» (Social-Psychological Nature of «Religions of the New Century»). Voprosy religii i religiovedenija, Moscow, 2009, vol. 1.
51. Privalov K. Sekty: dos'e straha (Sects: Dossier of the Fear). Moscow, 1987.
52. Novye religioznye kul'ty, dvizhenija i organizacii v Rossii: Slovar'-spravochnik (New religious Cults, Movements and Organisations in Russia: Dictionary). Moscow, 1997.
53. Plotnikov K. Istorija i oblichenie russkogo sektantstva (History and Denunciation of the Russian Sectarianism). Saint Petersbourg, 1910.
54. Po ochagam sektantskogo mrakobesija (On Hearth of Sectarian Obscurantism). Moscow, 1931.
55. Putincev F. M. Voprosnik i metodicheskie ukazanija po sobiraniju svedenij o sektah (Questionnaire and Methodological Indication in Collecting the Information about Sects). Antireligioznik, 1927, vol. 6.
56. Putincev F. M. Znachenie sektantskih obrjadov (Meaning of the Sectarian Rites). Bezbozhnik, 1926, vol. 19–20.
57. Putincev F. M. Metody izuchenija i kritiki sektantstva (Methods of Study and Critics of Sectarianism). Kritika religioznogo sektantstva (Opyt izuchenija religioznogo sektantstva v 20-h — nachale 30-h godov), Moscow, 1974.
58. Putincev F. M. Metody izuchenija i kritiki sektantstva (Methods of Study and Critics of Sectarianism). Sektantstvo i antireligioznaja propaganda: Metodicheskoe posobie, Moscow, 1928.
59. Putincev F. M. Politicheskaja rol' i taktika sekt (Political Role and Tactics of the Sect). Moscow, 1935.
60. Putincev F. M. Politicheskaja rol' sektantstva (Political Role of Sectarianism). Moscow, 1928.
61. Putincev F. M. Sektantstvo i antireligioznaja propaganda: Metodicheskoe posobie (Sectarianism and Antireligious Propaganda: Methodological Manual). Moscow, 1928.
62. Serdobol'skaja L. A. Reakcionnaja sushhnost' adventizma (Reactionary Essence of the Adventism). Ezhegodnik Muzeja istorii religii i ateizma, 1962, vol. 6.
63. Serdobol'skaja L. A. Reakcionnaja sushhnost' ideologii baptizma (Reactionary Essence of Ideology of the Baptism). Ezhegodnik Muzeja istorii religii i ateizma, 1962, vol. 7.
64. Smirnov M. Ju. Religija i religiovedenie v Rossii (Religion and Religious Studies in Russia). Saint-Petersbourg, 2013.
65. Sovremennoe sektantstvo i ego preodolenie (Po materialam jekspedicii v Tambovskuju oblast') (Contemporary Sectarianism and Its Overcoming (According to Materials of Expedition in Tambov Region)). Voprosy istorii religii i ateizma, 1961, vol. IX.
66. Sputnik ateista (Guide of Atheist). Moscow, 1959.
67. Tezisy «Sektantstvo i antireligioznaja propaganda» (Thesis «Sectarianism and Antireligious Propaganda»). Antireligioznik, 1926, vol 8.
68. Terleckij V. Ocherki, stat'i i issledovanija po istorii sektantstva (Essays and Articles on History of Sectarianism). Poltava, 1911.
69. Fetisov N. N. Opyt ujasnenija osnovnyh voprosov nauki sektovedenija (Experience of the Elucidation of Main Questions of Sectarianism Research). Kiev, 1914.
70. Frizen G., Rejnmarus A. Adventisty (Adventists). Moscow, 1930.
71. Holodkovskij V. Korabl' izuverov (Ship of Izuvers). Leningrad, 1930.
72. Chernjak V. A. O preodolenii religioznyh perezhitkov (On Overcoming of the Religious Remain). Alma-Ata, 1965.
73. Shahnovich M. I. Lenin i problemy ateizma (Lenin and Problems of the Atheism). Moscow, 1961.
74. Shhepkin I. Ural'skoe sektantstvo prezhde i teper' (Ural Sectarianism in Past and Present). Sverdlovsk, 1930.
75. Jarcev A. Sekta evangel'skih hristian (Sect of Evangelical Christians). Moscow, 1928.
76. Barker E. New religious movements: A practical introduction. London, 1989.
77. Beckford J. Cult controversies: The societal response to the new religious movements. London, 1985.