/

St. Tikhon’s University Review . Series I: Theology. Philosophy. Religious Studies

St. Tikhon’s University Review I :2 (64)

THEOLOGY

Metropolitan of Volokolamsk Hilarion (Alfeev G.)

To the Question of Demythologizing of the New Testament Science

Alfeev Grigorii (2016) "To the Question of Demythologizing of the New Testament Science ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 9-19 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201664.9-19
Over the centuries no historical figure attracted so much attention, none has caused so much heated debate and conflicting opinions about Himself as a person of Jesus Christ. Debates began in His lifetime, and they are clearly refl ected in the pages of the Gospels and other New Testament Books. At present the scientific community is the urgent task of demythologizing the New Testament science, because the New Testament science developed under the influence of myths, created by scientists for over two hundred years. One or the other myth first arose in the mind of the researcher or research team, then other scientists picked it up, began analyzing, supplement, develop, challenge. As a result, a myth became the subject of scientific research, not the Gospel text, which was used only as an aid to prove the correctness of the creators of the myth. From the successful solution of this problem depends largely the future direction of New Testament studies. The author refers to some of the main myths of the New Testament science, the release of which will open the prospects for further development of biblical studies.
Jesus Christ, New Testament, Gospel, Gospeller, Christianity, Mark, Luke, Matthew, John, Apostles, Myths, Dogmata, Jews, Community, Bible Studies.

1. Metzger B. Novyj Zavet. Kontekst, formirovanie, soderzhanie (New Testament. Context, Formation, Content), Moscow, 2013.
2. Bauckham R. 1998 “For Whom Were the Gospels Written?”, in Bauckham R. (ed.) The Gospels for All Christians. Rethinking the Gospel Audiences, Grand Rapids, 1998. P. 9–48.
3. Blackburn B. Theios Anēr and the Marcan Miracle Tradition, Tübingen, 1991.
4. Bultmann R. The History of the Synoptic Tradition, Oxford, 1963.
5. Carruth S., Garsky A. Documenta Q. Reconstructions of Q Through Two Centuries of Gospel Research Excerpted, Sorted and Evaluated. Q 11: 2b-4, Leuven, 1996.
6. Carter W. Matthew. Storyteller, Interpreter, Evangelist, Peabody (Massachusetts), 2004.
7. Childs H. The Myth of the Historical Jesus and the Evolution of Consciousness, Atlanta (Georgia), 1988.
8. Conzelmann H. The Theology of St Luke, New York, 1961.
9. Deutsch C. Hidden Wisdom and the Easy Yoke, Sheffield, 1987.
10. Dibelius M. From Tradition to Gospel, New York, 1935.
11. Edwards J. R. The Hebrew Gospel and the Development of the Synoptic Tradition, Grand Rapids, 2009.
12. Ehrman B. D. How Jesus Became God. The Exaltation of a Jewish Preacher from Galilee, New York, 2014.
13. Farrer A. M. A Study in St. Mark, Westminster, 1951.
14. Farrer A. M. 1955 “On Dispensing with Q”, in Nineham D. E. (ed.) Studies in the Gospels: Essays in Memory of R. H. Lightfoot, Oxford, 1955, pp. 55–88.
15. Farrer A. M. St. Matthew and St. Mark. Westminster, 1954.
16. Goulder M. D. Luke: A New Paradigm, Sheffield, 1989, vol. 1–2.
17. Hahn F. The Titles of Jesus in Christology, London, 1969.
18. Keener C. H. The Historical Jesus of the Gospels, Grand Rapids, 2009
19. Kloppenborg J. S. Q, the Earliest Gospel. An Introduction to the Original Stories and Sayings by Jesus, Louisville, 2008.
20. Leisegang H. 1950 “Der Gottmensch als Archetypus“, in Eranos Jahrbuch, 1950, vol. 18, pp. 9–45.
21. Linnemann E. Biblical Criticism on Trial: How Scientific is “Scientific Theology”?, Grand Rapids, 1998.
22. Luz U. Studies in Matthew, Grand Rapids, 2005.
23. Mack B. L. The Lost Gospel. The Book of Q and Christian Origins, New York, 1993.
24. Manson W. Jesus the Messiah, London, 1943.
25. Meier J. P. A Marginal Jew: Rethinking the Historical Jesus, New York, 1994, vol. 2.
26. Meier J. P. Matthew, Collegeville (Minnesota), 1990.
27. Meier J. P. The Vision of Matthew: Christ, Church, and Morality in the First Gospel, Eugene (Oregon), 2004.
28. Nolland J. The Gospel of Matthew. A Commentary on the Greek Text, Grand Rapids, 2005.
29. Petersen D. N. The Origins of Mark. The Markan Community in Current Debate, Leiden, 2000.
30. Reicke B. Synoptic Prophecies on the Destruction of Jerusalem, Leiden, 1972.
31. Richardson A. The Miracle Stories in the Gospels, London, 1941.
32. Stanton G. N. A Gospel for a New People. Studies in Matthew, Edinburgh, 1992.
33. Stendahl K. The School of Matthew and Its Use of the Old Testament, Uppsala, 1954.
34. Taylor V. The Formation of the Gospel Tradition, London, 1935.
35. Thompson M. 1998 “The Holy Internet”, in Bauckham R. (ed.) The Gospels for All Christians. Rethinking the Gospel Audiences, Grand Rapids, 1998, pp. 49–70.
36. Thompson W. G. Matthew’s Advice to a Divided Community. Mt. 17:22–18:35, Rome, 1970.
37. Tuckett Ch. M. Q and the History of Early Christianity. Studies on Q, London; New York, 1996.
38. Turner D. L. Matthew, Grand Rapids, 2008.
39. Viviano B. T. What Are They Saying about Q?, New York, 2013.
40. Weinreich O. 1926 “Antikes Gottmenschentum“, in Neues Jahrbuch für Wissenschaft und Jugendbildung, 1926, vol. 2, pp. 633–651.

Metropolitan of Volokolamsk Hilarion (Alfeev G.)

Koryakin Sergei

Contemporary Protestant Debate on the Atonement

Koryakin Sergei (2016) "Contemporary Protestant Debate on the Atonement ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 20-39 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201664.20-39
The article explores various arguments of contemporary Protestant Bible scholars who criticize the traditional Protestant teaching of atonement known as penal substitution theory. The author examines the scholars that may not be familiar to the Russian theological world, such as C. Marshall, C. H. Dodd, T. Lane, S. Travis, J. Green, M. Baker, C. Gunton and others. The author demonstrates how the contemporary biblical scholarship sheds new light on key notions for Protestant understanding of atonement, such as righteousness/justice, propitiation, God’s wrath, sin, and punishment. The main contemporary criticism makes it clear that the supporters of the penal substitution theory have read into these notions the meanings that are typical to the Western legal system but not for Jewish tradition nor culture that framed the context for authors of biblical texts. Besides, the article examines the metaphorical nature of the biblical language. Contemporary researchers argue that the New Testament authors, when speaking of atonement, use at least fi ve groups of metaphors drawing on various aspects of life in the ancient world: the court of law, commercial dealings, worship, the battleground, and personal relationships. The nature of metaphor means that the interpreters deal with mediated description of the mystery of the atonement that rules out literal understanding of the imagery used. Moreover, this variety of metaphors allows for a multifaceted approach to interpreting the meaning of the death of Christ and fi nding various real-life applications of theological truths pertaining to the atonement. When this imagery is understood solely through the lens of legal metaphors, they lose their own voice and become a part of a theory that claims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the meaning of the death of Christ. This theory centers on the legal understanding of the relationship between God and man, which complicates the application of atonement teaching in different contexts. The author provides arguments that demonstrate the need to seriously revisit the key points of penal substitution theory.
atonement, penal substitution theory, righteousness, justice, propitiation, God’s wrath, sin, retributive justice, punishment, metaphor.

1. Gnedich P. Dogmat iskupleniia v russkoi bogoslovskoi nauke (1893–1944). M., 2007.
2. Kozlov M. Uchenie ob iskuplenii v russkoi bogoslovskoi mysli XIX–XX vv. // Iskuplenie. Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia. M., 2010. T. 24. S. 304–311.
3. Pierard R. Evangel'skoe khristianstvo (Evangelicalism) // Teologicheskii entsiklopedicheskii slovar' / U. Elvell. red. M., 2003. S. 430–433.
4. Pilipenko E. Iskuplenie v katolicheskom bogoslovii // Iskuplenie. Pravoslavnaia entsiklopediia. M., 2010. T. 24. S. 297–300.
5. Rattsinger I. Vvedenie v khristianstvo: Lektsii ob Apostol'skom simvole very. Briussel', 1988.
6. Tarasii (Kurganskii), ierom. Perelom v drevnerusskom bogoslovii. Varshava, 1927.
7. Florovskii G. Puti russkogo bogosloviia. Minsk, 2006
8. Aulén G. Christus Victor: An Historical Study of the Three Main Types of the Idea of Atonement. Eugene, 2003.
9. Baker M. D. Proclaiming the Scandal of the Cross: Contemporary Images of the Atonement. Grand Rapids, 2006.
10. Baker M. D. Which Courtroom and What Narrative Shapes Your Atonement Theology? // Direction. 2012. Vol. 41. No. 1. P. 97–110.
11. Baker M. D., Green J. B. Recovering the Scandal of the Cross: Atonement in New Testament & Contemporary Contexts. Downers Grove, 2011.
12. Barbour I. Myths, Models and Paradigms: A Comparative Study in Science and Religion. N. Y., 1976.
13. Bell D. M. Deliberating: Justice and Liberation // The Blackwell Companion to Christian Ethics / S. Hauerwas, S. Wells, eds. Malden, 2004. P. 182–195.
14. Belousek D. W. S. Atonement, Justice, and Peace: The Message of the Cross and the Mission of the Church. Grand Rapids, 2011.
15. Blocher H. Biblical Metaphors and the Doctrine of the Atonement // Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society, 2004. Vol. 47. No. 4. P. 629–645.
16. Boersma H. Violence, Hospitality, and the Cross: Reappropriating the Atonement Tradition. Grand Rapids, 2006.
17. Boyd R. Metaphor and Theory Change: What is “Metaphor” a Metaphor For? // Metaphor and Thought / A. Ortony, ed. Cambridge, 1993. P. 481–532.
18. Brauch M. T. 1977 “Perspectives on “God’s righteousness” in Recent German Discussion”, in Paul and Palestinian Judaism: A Comparison of Patterns of Religion, Philadelphia, 1977, pp. 523–542.
19. Brümmer V. The Model of Love: A Study in Philosophical Theology, Cambridge; New York, 1993.
20. Carroll J. T., Green J. B., Voorst R. E. Van, Marcus J., Senior D. The Death of Jesus in Early Christianity, Colorado Springs, 1995.
21. Clifford R., Anatolios K. 2005 “Christian Salvation: Biblical and Theological Perspectives”, in Theological Studies, 2005, vol. 66/4, pp. 739–769.
22. Dodd C. H. The Epistle to the Romans, New York, 1932.
23. Dodd C. H. 1957 “Atonement”, in The Bible and the Greeks, London, 1957, pp. 82–95.
24. Driver J. Understanding the Atonement for the Mission of the Church, Scottdale, 1986.
25. Dunn J. D. G. The Theology of Paul the Apostle, Grand Rapids, 2006.
26. Green J. 2009 “Kaleidoscopic View”, in Beilby J. K., Eddy P. R. (eds.) Nature of the Atonement, Downers Grove, 2009, pp. 157–185.
27. Green J. B., Baker M. D. Recovering the Scandal of the Cross: Atonement in New Testament & Contemporary Contexts, Downers Grove, 2000.
28. Grensted L. W. A Short History of the Doctrine of the Atonement, Manchester, 1920.
29. Gunton C. E. The Actuality of Atonement: A Study of Metaphor, Rationality, and the Christian Tradition, London, 2003.
30. Jeffery S., Ovey M., Sach A. Pierced for Our Transgressions: Rediscovering the Glory of Penal Substitution, Wheaton, 2007.
31. Jersak B. 2007 “Nonviolent Identification and the Victory of Christ”, in Jersak B., Hardin M. (eds.) Stricken by God?: Nonviolent Identifi cation and the Victory of Christ, Grand Rapids, 2007, pp. 18–53.
32. Lane T. 2001 “The Wrath of God as an Aspect of the Love of God”, in Vanhoozer K. J. (ed.) Nothing Better, Nothing Greater: Theological Essays on the Love of God, Cambridge, 2001, pp. 138–167.
33. MacIntyre J. The Shape of Soteriology: Studies in the Doctrine of the Death of Christ, Edinburgh, 1995.
34. Marshall C.D. Beyond Retribution: A New Testament Vision for Justice, Crime, and Punishment, Grand Rapids, 2001.
35. McFague S. Metaphorical Theology: Models of God in Religious Language, Philadelphia, 1982.
36. McGrath A. E. Iustitia Dei: A History of the Christian Doctrine of Justification, Cambridge, 2005.
37. Morris L. L. The Apostolic Preaching of the Cross, Grand Rapids, 1965.
38. Nicole R. 1955 “C. H. Dodd and the Doctrine of Propitiation”, in Westminster Theological Journal, 1955, vol. 17/2, pp. 117–157.
39. Pelikan J. The Christian Tradition: A History of the Development of Doctrine: in 5 vols, Chicago; London, 1985, vol. 4; 1989, vol. 5.
40. Piper J. The Future of Justification: A Response to N. T. Wright, Wheaton, 2007.
41. Pomerleau W. P. Justice, Western Theories, in http://www.iep.utm.edu/justwest/ (Date: 16.08.2014).
42. Ricoeur P. Interpretation Theory: Discourse and the Surplus of Meaning, Fort Worth, 1976.
43. Schreiner T. R. 2009 “Penal Substitution View”, in The Nature of the Atonement: Four Views, Downers Grove, 2009, pp. 67–98.
44. Stott J. R. W. The Cross of Christ, Downers Grove, 2006.
45. Travis S. 1995 “Christ as Bearer of Divine Judgement in Paul’s Thought”, in Goldingay J. (ed.) Atonement Today: A Symposium at St John’s College, Nottingham, London, 1995, pp. 21–38.
46. Travis S. Christ and the Judgement of God: The Limits of Divine Retribution in New Testament Thought, Colorado Springs, 2009.
47. VanGemeren W. A. A Guide to Old Testament Theology and Exegesis, Grand Rapids, 1999.
48. Vidu A. Atonement, Law, and Justice: The Cross in Historical and Cultural Contexts, Grand Rapids, 2014.
49. Weaver J. D. The Nonviolent Atonement, Grand Rapids, 2010.
50. Wright N. T. The Cross and The Caricatures, in http://www.fulcrum-anglican.org.uk/articles/the-cross-and-the-caricatures/ (Date: 01.05.2016).
51. Wright N. T. Justification: God’s Plan & Paul’s Vision, Downers Grove, 2009.
52. Young N. 1976 “C. H. Dodd, “Hilaskesthai” and His Critics”, in Evangelical Quarterly, 1976, vol. 48, pp. 67–78.
53. Young N. 1983 ““Hilaskesthai” and Related Words in the New Testament”, in Evangelical Quarterly, 1983, vol. 55, pp. 169–176.

Koryakin Sergei

PHILOSOPHY

Zolotukhin Vsevolod

Discussing with Schelling: The C. A.Eschenmayer's Philosophy of Faith

Zolotukhin Vsevolod (2016) "Discussing with Schelling: The C. A.Eschenmayer's Philosophy of Faith ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 43-56 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201664.43-56
This paper is devoted to the description and analysis of C. A. Eschenmayer’s philosophy of faith and of his discussion with F. W. J. Schelling. The author exposes the main ideas of Eschenmayer’s important work «Philosophy In Its Transition To The Non-Philosophy» (1803) in which he criticizes Schelling’s philosophy of the absolute identity pointing out the vagueness of the origin of multitude from the all-unity. At the material of Schelling’s answer («Philosophy and Religion», 1804) the author shows how Schelling begins to change his theoretical point of view. The world now is falling away from God. The paper deals also with their discussion of 1810–1812 around Schelling’s philosophy of liberty. Here Eschenmayer’s theology becomes completely apophatic. Owing to his incomprehension of the Schelling’s thought of those times and to his fi deism, his contradictions with Schelling become irreconciliable. But the both philosophers maintain friendly relations, it isn’t a case of Jacobi-Schelling controversy. Conclusions that may be drawn from the paper are following: (1) the philosophy of Eschenmayer is a particular case of the philosophy of feeling and faith which has a concrete historical nature. (2) The late «positive» Schelling’s philosophy can be considered as a successful «third way» between the unsteady rationalism and the theoretical deadlock of fi deism.
Eschenmayer, Schelling, German idealism, faith, philosophical theology, discussion, apophatism, philosophy of nature, philosophy of liberty, all-unity, fi deism, rationalism.

1. Chernov S. A., Shevchenko I. V. Fridrih Jakobi: vera, chuvstvo, razum (Friedrich Jacobi: Faith, Sense, Reason), Moscow, 2010.
2. Augusto R. 2007 “La polémica epistolar entre Schelling y Eschenmayer”, in Anuario Filosófico, Navarra, 2007, vol. 40/3, pp. 623–645.
3. Jantzen J. 1994 “Eschenmayer und Schelling. Die Philosophie in ihrem Übergang zur Nichtphilosophie“, in Jaeschke W. (ed.) Religionsphilosophie und spekulative Theologie. Der Streit um die Göttlichen Dinge (1799–1812), Hamburg, 1994, pp. 74–97.
4. Wuttke W. 1972 “Materialien zu Leben und Werk Adolph Karl August von Eschenmayers“, in Sudhoffs Archiv, 1972, vol. 56, pp. 255–296.

Zolotukhin Vsevolod

Horie Khiroiuki

≪Socialism≫ as the Ideal of Priest Sergiy Bulgakov in the First Decade of the 20th Century?

Horie Khiroiuki (2016) "≪Socialism≫ as the Ideal of Priest Sergiy Bulgakov in the First Decade of the 20th Century? ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 57-72 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201664.57-72
The author aims to analyze the correctness of the widespread definition of the socioeconomic worldview of Sergey Nikolaevich Bulgakov (1871–1944) as «socialistic». With this purpose, the author outlines Bulgakov’s socio-economic theory of the fi rst decade of the twentieth century — the period of his most evident «socialistic» statements. The author analyzes both his economic and political views in connection with socialist teachings as well as his sociological understanding of the roles of state and society. The study shows that during this period, Bulgakov, mainly working from the idea of civil society as an active counterweight to the state, establishes his notion of «Christian community» or «Church community», functioning as a religiously and personally motivated open space for the formation of public opinion, as the sociological concept of civil society. Special attention is given to an analysis of Bulgakov’s hierarchical theory of values which, from the philosophical and theoretical points of view, ensures openness and non-dogmatism in the «Church community» as the place of nurture of social ideals, in the author’s opinion. As a result, it is concluded that Bulgakov’s socio-economic theory of the period went beyond the paradigm of socialism especially in its sociopolitical aspects and retains its relevance to the present day.
S. N. Bulgakov, Christianity, Christian socialism, Christian community, Church, social ideals, socialism, self-governance, bureaucracy, philosophy of economy, regulative principles.

1. Akulinin V. N. Filosofija vseedinstva (Philosophy of All-Uniting), Novosibirsk, 1990.
2. Weber M. Protestantskaja jetika i duh kapitalizma: Izbrannye proizvedenija (Protestant Ethics and Spirit of Capitalism: Selected Works), Moscow, 1990.
3. Veniamin (Novik), igum. 2003 “Hristianskij socializm prot. Sergija Bulgakova“ (Christian Socialism of Prot. Sergij Bulgakov), in S. N. Bulgakov: Religiozno-filosofskij put': Mezhdunarodnaja konferencija, posvjashhennaja 130-letiju so dnja rozhdenija, Moscow, 2003, pp. 155–169.
4. Gorbunov V. V. Ideja sobornosti v russkoj religioznoj filosofii (Sobornost’ Idea in Russian Religious Philosophy), Moscow, 1994.
5. Innokentij (Pavlov), igum. 1999 “Uchenie S. N. Bulgakova ob obshhestvennom ideale” (Teaching of S. N. Bulgakov about Social Ideal), in Bogoslov, filosof, myslitel': Jubilejnye chtenija, posvjashhennye 125-letiju so dnja rozhdenija o. Sergija Bulgakova (sentjabr' 1996 g., Moskva), Moscow, 1999, pp. 33–53.
6. Somin N. V. 2007 “S. N. Bulgakov: logika razvitija social'no-jekonomicheskoj mysli” (S. N. Bulgakov: Logic of Development of Social-Economic Thought), in Vestnik PSTGU. Ser.I: Bogoslovie. Filosofija, 2007, vol. 3/19, pp. 57–70.
7. Evtuhov C. The Cross and the Sickle: Sergei Bulgakov and the Fate of the Russian Religious Philosophy, London, 1997.

Horie Khiroiuki

RELIGIOUS STUDIES

Martinovich Vladimir

Identifi cation of Sectarianism

Martinovich Vladimir (2016) "Identifi cation of Sectarianism ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 75-89 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201664.75-89
«New religious movements and society» is traditionally one of the most sophisticated topics in the area of new religions studies. Its problem field is so huge that up to now by far not all important research themes where even touched by scientists from all over the world. The problem of the process of the identification of sectarianism by diff erent societal institutions is one of such untouched themes that is taken as the main subject of this article. This process by itself is an inseparable part of the every societal deliberate reaction to the very existence of unconventional religiosity, its unstructured and mainly structured types. The focal point of the article is step-by-step analysis of the general structure elements of the process of the identification of sectarianism without any reference to the specific time and place of its flow. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the subjects of the identification of sectarianism, to the criteria for religious groups to be qualified as new religious movements, and to the specific features of the process of documents filtration. The causes of selective perception of sectarianism are disclosed. Some main consequences and unpredictable outcomes of the process of the identification of sectarianism are described.
identification of sectarianism, unconventional religiosity, new religious movements, intentionality of cult studies, borderlines of unconventional religiosity, cults and society.

1. Martinovich V. A. Netradicionnaja religioznost': vozniknovenie i migracija: Materialy k izucheniju netradicionnoj religioznosti (Non Traditional Religiosity: Origin and Migration: Materials for Study of Non Traditional Religiosity), Minsk, 2015, vol. 1.
2. Cohen S. Folk Devils & Moral Panics. The Creation of the Mods and Rockers, Oxford, 1990.
3. Goode E., Ben-Yehuda N. Moral Panics. The Social Construction of Deviance, Oxford, 2009.
4. Hall J. R., Schuyler P. D. Trinh S. Apocalypse Observed: Religious Movements and Violence in North America, Europe and Japan, London; New York, 2000.
5. Hampshire A. P. 1983 “Religious Sects and the Concept of Deviance: The Mormons and the Moonies”, in British Journal of Sociology, 1983, vol. 34/2, pp. 208–229.
6. Wessinger C. How the Millennium Comes Violently, New York, 2000.
7. Wilkins L. T. Social Polity, Action and Research, London, 1964.

Martinovich Vladimir

Klyueva Vera

Prayful Practics in the Pentecostal Environment: Religious Communication ³Up-Down´

Klyueva Vera, Ryazanova Svetlana, (2016) "Prayful Practics in the Pentecostal Environment: Religious Communication ³Up-Down´ ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 90-102 (in Russian).

DOI of the paper: 10.15382/sturI201664.90-102
The main tendencies in evolution of Protestantism, taking into account variety of its currents are analyzed: an individualization of personal religious experience, high intensity of religious life, an actual inclusiveness in life of community of believers, strengthening of mystical orientation of cult practice. Factors of increase in missionary potential of Protestantism are defined. The concept of religious communication as two-way communication between the person and God on the example of praying practices of the Russian Pentecostals in communities of classical and new Pentecostals of the Urals, Tyumen district and Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug-Yugra is specified. The main vectors of religious communication are defined. The ratio of prayers, readings the Bible and glorification is established. Specifics of Pentecostal prayers, taking into account existence appellative (prayers about healing and blessings) and explicative (a prayer in languages, a glossolaliya) parts are marked out. Classification praying practices in forms (individual and collective) and to types is made (general/abstract or target). Specifi cs and a ratio of individual and collective prayers are especially analyzed. The special attention is paid to a glossolaliya as a peculiar feature of the Pentecostal movement, both classical, and a charismatic version. Rate of pronouncing prayers of a different target orientation is investigated. Basic formulas for prayers of blessings and gratitude are defi ned. Specifi c character of a prayer about healing in the Pentecostal environment is marked out. The role of the mystical address to God as unique emotion for this type of the communication giving the chance of personal contact with the sacral is considered. It is noted that participation in prayful practicians carries out the adapting function, realizing need of the believer for implementation of religious experience within community of believers, and compensatory, liquidating a condition of psychological discomfort.
Protestantism, Evolution of Religion, Modern Protestantism, Pentecostals, Charismatic Churches, Prayer, Classification of Prayers, Religious Communication, Glossolalia.

1. Andreeva L. Jekstaticheskie obrjady v praktikah nekotoryh rossijskih konfessij, ili Izmenennye formy soznanija (Ecstatical Rites in Practice of Some Russian Religions, or Changed Consciousness Forms), in http://www.religare.ru/2_19172.html (Date: 12. 09. 2015)).
2. Bobyreva E. V. Religioznyj diskurs: cennosti, zhanry, strategii: Avtoref. dis. d-ra filol. nauk (Religious Discourse: Values, Genres, Strategies: Dissertation Abstract), Volgograd, 2007.
3. Bobyreva E. V. 2013 “Sfery funkcionirovanija i osobennosti religioznogo diskursa” (Functional Spheres and Features of Religious Discourse), in Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovanija, 2013, vol. 5, pp. 296–298.
4. Voronaev I. E. 1928 “O molitve“ (About Prayer), in Evangelist, 1928, vol. 3–4. S. 3–8.
5. Gavrilov O. F., Gavrilov E. O. 2015 “Osobennosti religioznoj kommunikacii v sovremennoj Rossii” (Features of Religious Communication in Modern Russia), in Vestnik Kemerovskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2015, vol. 1–2/61, pp. 198–202.
6. D'jachkova N. A. 2013 “Religioznyj i svetskij diskurs: Problemy kommunikacii” (Religious and Secular Discourse: Communication Problems), in Vestnik Cheljabinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2013. № 37 (328). S. 34–36.
7. Elenskij V. Hristianstvo v XX veke: Uroki vyzhivanija (Christianity in XX Century: Survival Lessons), in http://www.chestisvet.ru/index.php4?id=25&otv=230 (Date: 12. 09. 2015)).
8. Ermakova E. 2011 “Iscelenie v srede hristian very evangel'skoj” (Healing in Sphere of Evangelicals), in Jetnograficheskoe obozrenie, 2011, vol. 3, pp. 31–39.
9. Zhelnovakova M. F. 2013 “Sistema vneshnih religioznyh kommunikacij v Rossii” (Outer Religious Communications System in Russia), in Sovremennye problemy nauki i obrazovanija, 2013, vol. 3, p. 406.
10. Ickovich T. V. 2014 “Raznojazychie v sfere religioznoj kommunikacii” (Different Languages in Sphere of Religious Communication), in Aktual'nye problemy filologii i pedagogicheskoj lingvistiki, 2014, vol. 16, pp. 185–188.
11. Kljueva V. P., Poplavskij R. O., Bobrov I. V. Pjatidesjatniki v Jugre (na primere obshhin RO CHVE HMAO) (Pentecostarians in Jugra (on Example of RO CHVE HMAO Communities)), Saint-Petersburg, 2013.
12. Lunkin R. 2009 “Protestantizm i globalizacija na prostorah Evrazii” (Protestantism and Globalization in Eurasian Space), in Religija i globalizacija na prostorah Evrazii, Moscow, 2009, pp. 91–125.
13. Mitrohin L. N. Baptisty v sovetskom obshhestve (Baptists in Soviet Society), in http://gn.h1.ru/lib/germ/lm.html (Date: 12.09.2015)).
14. Rjazanova S. V., Mihaleva A. V. Fenomen zhenskoj religioznosti v postsovetskom prostranstve (regional'nyj srez) (Phenomenon of Women Religiosity in Post-Soviet Space (Regional Cut)), Perm, 2011.
15. Fedorova M. V. 2014 “Religioznaja kommunikacija: sushhnost' i specifika sovremennogo sostojanija” (Religious Communication: Essence and Specifics of Modern State), in Science Time, 2014, vol. 4/4, pp. 230–240.
16. Fallding H. 1978 “Mainline Protestantism in Canada and The United States of America: An Overview”, in The Canadian Journal of Sociology, 1978, vol. 3/2, pp. 141–160.
17. Gross T. 2003 “Protestantism and Modernity: The Implications of Religious Change in Contemporary Rural Oaxaca”, in Sociology of Religion, 2003, vol. 64/4, pp. 479–498.
18. Leach W. H. 1922 “The Weakness of Protestantism in American Cities”, in The Journal of Religion, 1922, vol 2/6, pp. 616–623.
19. McNeill J. Th. 1926 “The Interpretation of Protestantism during the Past-Quarter Century”, in The Journal of Religion, 1926, vol. 6/5, pp. 504–525.
20. Means R. L. 1966 “Protestantism and American Sociology: Problems of Analysis”, in Sociological Analysis, 1966, vol. 27/3, pp. 128–137.

Klyueva Vera

BOOK REVIEWS

Veviurko Il'ia

Rev. of Brettler M. Z., Enns P., Harrington D. J. The Bible and the Believer. How to Read the Bible Critically & Religiously. Oxford University Press, 2015

Veviurko Il'ia (2016) Rev. of Brettler M. Z., Enns P., Harrington D. J. The Bible and the Believer. How to Read the Bible Critically & Religiously. Oxford University Press, 2015, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 105-111 (in Russian).

PDF

Veviurko Il'ia

Nyebolszin Antal

Rev. of Schedtler J. J. A Heavenly Chorus. The Dramatic Function of the Revelation’s Hymns. Mohr-Siebeck, 2014

Nyebolszin Antal (2016) Rev. of Schedtler J. J. A Heavenly Chorus. The Dramatic Function of the Revelation’s Hymns. Mohr-Siebeck, 2014, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 111-115 (in Russian).

PDF

Nyebolszin Antal

Chernyi Aleksei, диакон

Rev. of Das II. Vatikanische Konzil und die Wissenschaft Theologie / A. Kreutzer, W. Gunther, Hrsg. Peter Lang, 2014

Chernyi Aleksei (2016) Rev. of Das II. Vatikanische Konzil und die Wissenschaft Theologie / A. Kreutzer, W. Gunther, Hrsg. Peter Lang, 2014, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 116-119 (in Russian).

PDF

Chernyi Aleksei, диакон

Chernyi Aleksei, диакон

Rev. of Zulehner P. M. Mitgift. Autobiografi sches anderer Art. Patmos, 2014

Chernyi Aleksei (2016) Rev. of Zulehner P. M. Mitgift. Autobiografi sches anderer Art. Patmos, 2014 , Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 119-124 (in Russian).

PDF

Chernyi Aleksei, диакон

Antonov Konstantin

Academical Religions Studies between Theology and ≪Scientific Atheism≫: Ways of Eastern Europe — Rev. of Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Opened. The Academic Study of Religion in Eastern Europe / T. Bubik, H. Hoff mann,

Antonov Konstantin (2016) "Academical Religions Studies between Theology and ≪Scientific Atheism≫: Ways of Eastern Europe". Rev. of Studying Religions with the Iron Curtain Closed and Opened. The Academic Study of Religion in Eastern Europe / T. Bubik, H. Hoff mann,, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 125-132 (in Russian).

PDF

Antonov Konstantin

Shokhin Vladimir

Rev. of Сhristian Philosophy of Religion: Essays in Honor of Stephen Davis / C. P. Ruloff , ed. University of Notre Dame Press, 2014

Shokhin Vladimir (2016) Rev. of Shristian Philosophy of Religion: Essays in Honor of Stephen Davis / C. P. Ruloff , ed. University of Notre Dame Press, 2014, Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 133-142 (in Russian).

PDF

Shokhin Vladimir

DISCUSSION

Ermilov Pavel, диакон

Secundus sine paribus: A Few Remarks about the Attack on the Position of the Moscow Patriarchate on the Problem of Primacy in the Universal Church

Ermilov Pavel (2016) "Secundus sine paribus: A Few Remarks about the Attack on the Position of the Moscow Patriarchate on the Problem of Primacy in the Universal Church ", Vestnik Pravoslavnogo Sviato-Tikhonovskogo gumanitarnogo universiteta. Seriia I : Bogoslovie. Filosofiia. Religiovedenie, 2016, Iss. 64, pp. 145-158 (in Russian).

PDF

Ermilov Pavel, диакон